Binary Authorization

This section continues from the previous section - make sure you do the tutorial in sequence.

DeploymentAttestation

Enforce Attestation

Binary Authorization allows you to enforce container image attestation, so that only attested container images can run.

Before you can turn this on, you must have attested a container image.

Enable Policy

First, export the existing Binary Authorization policy:

gcloud container binauthz policy export > $HOME/binauthz-policy.yaml

Edit the binauthz-policy.yaml and enable attestation policy:

binauthz-policy.yaml

admissionWhitelistPatterns:
- namePattern: gcr.io/google_containers/*
- namePattern: gcr.io/google-containers/*
- namePattern: k8s.gcr.io/*
- namePattern: gke.gcr.io/*
- namePattern: gcr.io/stackdriver-agents/*
defaultAdmissionRule:
  enforcementMode: ENFORCED_BLOCK_AND_AUDIT_LOG
  # Change evaluationMode to require attestation
  evaluationMode: REQUIRE_ATTESTATION
  # Add the policy, and reference the `default-attestor` created from
  # Attestation section.
  # Replace PROJECT_ID with your Project ID.
  requireAttestationsBy:
  - projects/PROJECT_ID/attestors/default-attestor
globalPolicyEvaluationMode: ENABLE
name: projects/PROJECT_ID/policy

Import the Policy File:

gcloud container binauthz policy import $HOME/binauthz-policy.yaml

Unattested Container Image

You can verify that the policy is being enforced by deploying an unattested container image:

kubectl create deployment unattested-nginx --image=nginx

While this should have created a new deployment for nginx and running a Pod, you can validate that no Pod is running:

kubectl get pods -lapp=unattested-nginx

In addition, you can verify the Kubernetes events stream:

kubectl get event

Observe the event where the container image was denied by the attestor:

... Error creating: pods "..." is forbidden: image policy webhook backend denied one or more images: Denied by default admission rule. Denied by Attestor. ...

Delete the deployment:

kubectl delete deployment unattested-nginx

Attested Container Image

Deploy a previously attested container image from the Container Image Attestation section.

PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project)
IMAGE=$(gcloud container images describe gcr.io/$PROJECT_ID/helloworld \
  --format='value(image_summary.fully_qualified_digest)')

kubectl create deployment attested-helloworld --image=$IMAGE

Verify that the Pod is up and running:

kubectl get pods -lapp=attested-helloworld

Allow List

It may be impossible to attest every single container image you want to run. For example, you may trust certain images from open source projects. You can add these images into an allow list.

For example, to be able to deploy the nginx container image from Dockerhub without attestation, you need to add it to the policy.

First, export the existing Binary Authorization policy:

gcloud container binauthz policy export > $HOME/binauthz-policy.yaml

Edit the binauthz-policy.yaml and enable attestation policy:

binauthz-policy.yaml

admissionWhitelistPatterns:
- namePattern: gcr.io/google_containers/*
- namePattern: gcr.io/google-containers/*
- namePattern: k8s.gcr.io/*
- namePattern: gke.gcr.io/*
- namePattern: gcr.io/stackdriver-agents/*
# Add nginx to the allow list
- namePattern: nginx
defaultAdmissionRule:
  enforcementMode: ENFORCED_BLOCK_AND_AUDIT_LOG
  evaluationMode: REQUIRE_ATTESTATION
  requireAttestationsBy:
  - projects/PROJECT_ID/attestors/default-attestor
globalPolicyEvaluationMode: ENABLE
name: projects/PROJECT_ID/policy

Import the Policy File:

gcloud container binauthz policy import $HOME/binauthz-policy.yaml

Deploy nginx again:

kubectl create deployment unattested-nginx --image=nginx

Verify that the Pod is up and running due to the allow list:

kubectl get pods -lapp=unattested-nginx

If you trust every container image from a particular Project:

binauthz-policy.yaml

admissionWhitelistPatterns:
- namePattern: gcr.io/google_containers/*
- namePattern: gcr.io/google-containers/*
- namePattern: k8s.gcr.io/*
- namePattern: gke.gcr.io/*
- namePattern: gcr.io/stackdriver-agents/*
# Add the container registry from a project to the allow list.
# Replace PROJECT_ID.
- namePattern: gcr.io/PROJECT_ID/*
defaultAdmissionRule:
  enforcementMode: ENFORCED_BLOCK_AND_AUDIT_LOG
  evaluationMode: REQUIRE_ATTESTATION
  requireAttestationsBy:
  - projects/PROJECT_ID/attestors/default-attestor
globalPolicyEvaluationMode: ENABLE
name: projects/PROJECT_ID/policy