​Cloud SQL is managed MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQL Server. Cloud SQL automates backups, replication, and failover to ensure your database is reliable, highly available.

Cloud SQL has automatic data encryption at rest and in transit. Private connectivity with Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) and user-controlled network access that includes firewall protection. Compliant with SSAE 16, ISO 27001, PCI DSS v3.0, and HIPAA

Cloud SQL Instance

Enable API

gcloud services enable sqladmin.googleapis.com

Create an Instance

gcloud sql instances create mysql-instance \
  --database-version=MYSQL_5_7 \
  --region=us-central1 \
  --cpu=2 \
  --memory=4G \
  --root-password=[CHOOSE A PASSWORD]

gcloud sql instances create postgresql-instance \
  --database-version=POSTGRES_11 \
  --region=us-central1 \
  --cpu=2 \
  --memory=4G \
  --root-password=[CHOOSE A PASSWORD]

gcloud beta sql instances create sqlserver-instance \
  --database-version=SQLSERVER_2017_STANDARD \
  --region=us-central1 \
  --cpu=2 \
  --memory=4G \
  --root-password=[CHOOSE A PASSWORD]

Create a Database

gcloud sql databases create orders --instance=mysql-instance

gcloud sql databases create orders --instance=postgresql-instance

gcloud sql databases create orders --instance=sqlserver-instance

Connect to Database instance

By default, every database instance has a public IP address. However, the instance is not publicly accessible because it's protected by the firewall.

To easily connect to the database instance from command line:

gcloud sql connect mysql-instance

gcloud sql connect postgresql-instance

gcloud sql connect sqlserver-instance

Create a Table

From the command line connection, you can use the client to create a table for the corresponding database. For example:

# Change to orders database
USE orders;
​
CREATE TABLE order_items (
  id BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
  order_id BIGINT,
  description VARCHAR(255),
  quantity INT DEFAULT 1
);
​
CREATE TABLE orders (
  id BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
  description VARCHAR(255),
  creation_timestamp TIMESTAMP
);
​
ALTER TABLE order_items ADD FOREIGN KEY (order_id) REFERENCES orders (id);

# Change to orders database
\c orders
​
CREATE TABLE order_items (
  id BIGSERIAL NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
  order_id BIGINT,
  description VARCHAR(255),
  quantity INT DEFAULT 1
);
​
CREATE TABLE orders (
  id BIGSERIAL NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
  description VARCHAR(255),
  creation_timestamp TIMESTAMP
);
​
ALTER TABLE order_items ADD FOREIGN KEY (order_id) REFERENCES orders (id);

USE orders;
​
CREATE TABLE order_items (
  id BIGINT NOT NULL IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY,
  order_id BIGINT,
  description VARCHAR(255),
  quantity INT DEFAULT 1
);
​
CREATE TABLE orders (
  id BIGINT NOT NULL IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY,
  description VARCHAR(255),
  creation_timestamp TIMESTAMP
);
​
ALTER TABLE order_items ADD FOREIGN KEY (order_id) REFERENCES orders (id);

Add a User

You can add a user using gcloud command line:

gcloud sql users create order-user
  --instance=mysql-instance \
  --password=...

gcloud sql users create order-user \
  --instance=postgresql-instance \
  --password=...

gcloud sql users create order-user \
  --instance=sqlserver-instance \
  --password=...

Instance Connection Name

Every Cloud SQL Instance has a unique instance connection name for the form of PROJECT_ID:REGION:INSTANCE_NAME.

Find the Instance Connection Name using gcloud command line:

gcloud sql instances describe INSTANCE_NAME --format='value(connectionName)'

gcloud sql instances describe mysql-instance \
  --format='value(connectionName)'

gcloud sql instances describe postgresql-instance \
  --format='value(connectionName)'

gcloud sql instances describe sqlserver-instance \
  --format='value(connectionName)'

JDBC

There are different ways to connect to a Cloud SQL instance. All methods will configure a JDBC URL to allow you to use the corresponding JDBC Driver, and subsequently, JPA / Hibernate and Spring Data.

Cloud SQL Starter

When using Spring Boot, you can use Spring Cloud GCP's Cloud SQL starter.

Cloud SQL starter will automatically:

• Add dependency to the corresponding JDBC driver, and the Cloud SQL socket factory. You do not need to add those dependency separately.

• Configure the JDBC URL for the corresponding database instance.

Dependency

Add the Cloud SQL Starter dependency:

pom.xml
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-gcp-starter-sql-mysql</artifactId>
</dependency>

build.gradle
dependencies {
    compile group: 'org.springframework.cloud', name: 'spring-cloud-gcp-starter-sql-mysql'
}

pom.xml
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-gcp-starter-sql-postgresql</artifactId>
</dependency>

build.gradle
compile group: 'org.springframework.cloud', name: 'spring-cloud-gcp-starter-sql-postgresql'

Configuration

Configure Spring Boot application'sapplication.properties with Instance Connection Name and the database name:

application.properties
# Retrieve instance connection name from the previous step
spring.cloud.gcp.sql.instance-connection-name=INSTANCE_CONNECTION_NAME
spring.cloud.gcp.sql.database-name=orders
​
# Cloud SQL starter automatically configures the JDBC URL
​
# Configure username/password
spring.datasource.username=...
spring.datasource.password=...
​
# Configure connection pooling if needed
spring.datasource.hikari.maximum-pool-size=10

Sample

• ​Spring Boot with Cloud SQL PostgreSQL​

• ​Spring Boot with Cloud SQL MySQL​

Cloud SQL Socket Factory

If you don't use Spring Cloud GCP's Cloud SQL starter, and need to configure JDBC URL directly, you can use Cloud SQL Socket Factory with existing JDBC driver.

Dependency

In addition to the JDBC Driver dependency, add the Cloud SQL Socket Factory dependency:

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.google.cloud.sql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-socket-factory-connector-j-8</artifactId>
    <version>1.1.0</version>
</dependency>

build.gradle
dependencies {
    compile 'com.google.cloud.sql:mysql-socket-factory-connector-j-8:1.1.0'
}

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.google.cloud.sql</groupId>
    <artifactId>postgres-socket-factory</artifactId>
    <version>1.1.0</version>
</dependency>

build.gradle
dependencies {
    compile 'com.google.cloud.sql:postgres-socket-factory:1.1.0'
}

Configuration

jdbc:mysql:///DATABASE_NAME?cloudSqlInstance=INSTANCE_CONNECTION_NAME&socketFactory=com.google.cloud.sql.mysql.SocketFactory

jdbc:mysql:///orders?cloudSqlInstance=PROJECT_ID:us-central1:mysql-instance&socketFactory=com.google.cloud.sql.mysql.SocketFactory

jdbc:postgresql:///DATABASE_NAME?cloudSqlInstance=INSTANCE_CONNECTION_NAME&socketFactory=com.google.cloud.sql.postgres.SocketFactory

jdbc:postgresql:///orders?cloudSqlInstance=PROJECT_ID:us-central1:postgresql-instance&socketFactory=com.google.cloud.sql.postgres.SocketFactory

Cloud SQL Proxy

​Cloud SQL Proxy is the generic way of establishing secured connection to a Cloud SQL instance. Rather than using the Cloud SQL Socket Factory to exchange certificates, Cloud SQL Proxy will authenticate and exchange the certificates.

Install Cloud SQL Proxy:

gcloud components install cloud_sql_proxy

Start the proxy:

# Refer to Instance Connection Name from previous section
cloud_sql_proxy -instances=INSTANCE_CONNECTION_NAME=tcp:3306

# Refer to Instance Connection Name from previous section
cloud_sql_proxy -instances=INSTANCE_CONNECTION_NAME=tcp:5432

# Refer to Instance Connection Name from previous section
cloud_sql_proxy -instances=INSTANCE_CONNECTION_NAME=tcp:1433

You can then establish connections on localhost with the corresponding ports.

mysql -u root -p

jdbc:mysql://localhost/orders

psql -h localhost -U postgres

jdbc:postgresql://localhost/orders

mssql-cli -U sqlserver

jdbc:sqlserver://localhost/databaseName=orders

Unix Socket Domain

You can optionally configure Cloud SQL Proxy to expose not a TCP IP port, but using Unix Socket Domain instead, and configure the Cloud SQL Socket Factory to connect using the Unix Socket Domain. See Connect External App documentation for more details.

VPC Private IP

If your Cloud SQL instance is on VPC and has a private IP, and your application is running in the Cloud able to access the same VPC, then configure JDBC drivers normally connecting to the private IP address.

R2DBC

You can use R2DBC driver for reactive database access when you connect to Cloud SQL instances using:

• Cloud SQL Proxy

• VPC Private IP

• Using R2DBC Cloud SQL Connector

Cloud SQL Proxy or VPC Private IP

You can use standard R2DBC driver to connect using the IP address. See R2DBC documentation for corresponding driver usages:

• ​r2dbc-mysql​

• ​r2dbc-postgresql​

• ​r2dbc-mssql​

Cloud SQL Connector

You can use R2DBC Cloud SQL Connector that automatically exchanges the certificates like the Cloud SQL Socket Factory.