Deployment Container Container Image Build container images with tools and best practices.
Clone
Copy git clone https://github.com/saturnism/jvm-helloworld-by-example
cd jvm-helloworld-by-example/helloworld-springboot-tomcat
Build
Enable API
Enable Container Registry API to push your container images to the Container Registry.
Copy gcloud services enable containerregistry.googleapis.com
Containerize
Typically, tutorials teach you how to write a Dockerfile
to containerize a Java application. A Dockerfile
can be error prone and it's hard to implement all the best practices. Rather than writing a Dockerfile
, use tools such as Jib and Buildpacks to automatically create optimized container images.
Build and Push
Most tools can build and push directly into a container registry. In case of Jib, this step does not require a Docker daemon at all, and it can push changed layers directly into a remote registry. This is great for automated CI/CD pipelines.
Jib Buildpack Buildpack with Cloud Build Spring Boot 2.3
Jib can containerize any Java application easily, without a Dockerfile
nor docker
installed. Jib will push the container image directly to the remote registry.
Copy PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project)
./mvnw compile com.google.cloud.tools:jib-maven-plugin:2.4.0:build \
-Dimage=gcr.io/${PROJECT_ID}/helloworld
Cloud Native Buildpacks can containerize applications written in different language without a Dockerfile
. It does require docker
installed.
Build container with pack
, and use --publish
flag to push directly to the remote registry:
Copy # Paketo Buildpack
PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project)
pack build \
--builder gcr.io/paketo-buildpacks/builder:base \
--publish \
gcr.io/${PROJECT_ID}/helloworld
# GCP Buildpack
PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project)
pack build \
--builder gcr.io/buildpacks/builder:v1 \
--publish \
gcr.io/${PROJECT_ID}/helloworld
Paketo Buildpack will calculate the minimum memory needed to run the Spring Boot application. For this Hello World example, the minimum is 1GB of RAM.
Cloud Build has built-in Buildpack support, so you can build the container image in the remote Cloud Build environment:
Copy # GCP Buildpack
PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project)
gcloud alpha builds submit \
--pack image=gcr.io/${PROJECT_ID}/helloworld
# Paketo Buildpack
PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project)
gcloud alpha builds submit \
--pack image=gcr.io/${PROJECT_ID}/helloworld,builder=gcr.io/paketo-buildpacks/builder:base
Since Spring Boot 2.3+, you can build container using the Spring Boot plugin.
Copy PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project)
# Maven with Paketo Buildpack
./mvnw spring-boot:build-image \
-Dspring-boot.build-image.imageName=gcr.io/${PROJECT_ID}/helloworld
# Maven with GCP Buildpack
./mvnw spring-boot:build-image \
-Dspring-boot.build-image.imageName=gcr.io/${PROJECT_ID}/helloworld \
-Dspring-boot.build-image.builder=gcr.io/buildpacks/builder
# Gradle with Paketo Buildpack
./gradlew bootBuildImage --imageName=gcr.io/${PROJECT_ID}/helloworld
# Gradle with GCP Buildpack
./gradlew bootBuildImage --imageName=gcr.io/${PROJECT_ID}/helloworld \
--builder=gcr.io/buildpacks/builder
After the image is built, push the docker image to Container Registry:
Copy docker push gcr.io/${PROJECT_ID}/helloworld
Paketo Buildpack will calculate the minimum memory needed to run the Spring Boot application. For this Hello World example, the minimum is 1GB of RAM.
Build Locally
If you are running a local Docker daemon and you do not want to push straight to a remote registry, then you can build container images without pushing:
Jib Buildpack Spring Boot 2.3
Copy PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project)
./mvnw compile com.google.cloud.tools:jib-maven-plugin:2.4.0:dockerBuild \
-Dimage=gcr.io/${PROJECT_ID}/helloworld
Copy # Paketo Buildpack
PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project)
pack build \
--builder gcr.io/paketo-buildpacks/builder:base \
gcr.io/${PROJECT_ID}/helloworld
# GCP Buildpack
PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project)
pack build \
--builder gcr.io/buildpacks/builder:v1 \
gcr.io/${PROJECT_ID}/helloworld
Copy PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project)
# Maven with Paketo Buildpack
./mvnw spring-boot:build-image \
-Dspring-boot.build-image.imageName=gcr.io/${PROJECT_ID}/helloworld
# Maven with GCP Buildpack
./mvnw spring-boot:build-image \
-Dspring-boot.build-image.imageName=gcr.io/${PROJECT_ID}/helloworld \
-Dspring-boot.build-image.builder=gcr.io/buildpacks/builder
# Gradle with Paketo Buildpack
./gradlew bootBuildImage --imageName=gcr.io/${PROJECT_ID}/helloworld
# Gradle with GCP Buildpack
./gradlew bootBuildImage --imageName=gcr.io/${PROJECT_ID}/helloworld \
--builder=gcr.io/buildpacks/builder
Run Locally
If you have Docker installed locally, you can run the docker container locally to ensure everything works. This command will run the container locally and forward localhost's port 8080 to the container instance's port 8080.
Copy PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project)
docker pull gcr.io/${PROJECT_ID}/helloworld
docker run -ti --rm -p 8080:8080 gcr.io/${PROJECT_ID}/helloworld
The -ti
flag means allocate a TTY
, and expect interaction via STDIN
. The --rm
flag means delete the container completely upon exit.
Connect Locally
You can connect to the container that's running locally